By Holly Bennet, University of Melbourne
A staggering 51 million used tyres are discarded annually in Australia, causing environmental and health problems like the sea of stockpiled tyres in Stawell in western Victoria.
Only five per cent of used tyres are recycled locally in Australia, but researchers from the University of Melbourne have teamed up with Tyre Stewardship Australia and Merlin Site Services to come up with an innovative way to reuse the rubber.
Project technical lead, Dr. Mahdi Disfani from the Melbourne School of Engineering, has spent the past 18 months working on a pilot project with his colleagues Associate Professor Lu Aye, Dr. Guillermo Narsilio and Dr. Alireza Mohammadinia, that increases the number of uses for permeable pavements made from recycled tyres.
“There are a number of recycling solutions for tyres, like using them in children’s playgrounds, in landscaping or in asphalt layers, but the applications for high volume are limited,” Dr. Disfani says.
“Roads and pavements are everywhere. With the right product, we could have a serious impact on reducing the number of tyres that end up in landfills, stockpiles or illegal dumps.”
Permeable pavements made out of recycled tyres are already a flexible and resilient popular paving option.
As opposed to conventional asphalt paving, permeable paving allows water to pass through the surface, reducing storm water runoff and possible pollution in our waterways. But this flexibility means it is unsuitable for roads or bike paths as they can’t carry heavy loads.
That is, until now.
Dr. Disfani and a team of researchers from the University and Merlin Site Services are trialling the use of recycled tyres to create the “optimum blend” of paving that provides some flexibility to reduce cracks caused by movement of natural ground or tree roots, but not so much that it becomes unstable under traffic loads.
“It’s a fine balance between recycled tyre particles, rigid rock aggregates and the binder,” Dr. Disfani says.
“Using all of the qualities that make our humble tyre – sturdiness, elasticity and reliability – we want to create a surface that will deform when no load is present, and squeeze tyre particles tight to bring rigid particles together quickly to support heavy loads such as trucks, cars, buses and bikes.”
The pilot trial at the University of Melbourne campus involves four different pavement recipes. Each recipe tests a different application such as footpath, bike path, car park and low-volume traffic roads. On top of this, various performance requirements are continuously tested and monitored including skid resistance, pavement movement, water infiltration and run-off, and resilience of the pavement under applied service loads.
“Skid resistance ensures pedestrians, bikes and cars can travel safely over these new pavements,” Dr. Disfani says.
With storm water management a common issue in most major cities, Dr. Disfani also sees this project as a viable solution to saving water and reducing pollution to waterways.
“Currently, when Melbourne is hit with a major downfall of rain, within minutes we see busy inner-city roads flooded,” he says.
“The open structure of the permeable pavement allows enough water to infiltrate and flow through to the many collection systems and nearby gardens around the city.
“We’ve found that by modifying the design and adding extra layers beneath the surface, we can guarantee no surface run-off, even under the heaviest rain falls Melbourne has ever experienced.”
But permeable pavements bring a new set of challenges.
Acting as a filter for debris, leaves and sediments, they can become blocked over time, warns Dr. Disfani.
“Blockage is a big challenge,” he says.
“Permeable pavement’s ability to filter water needs to be balanced against creating a pavement that’s skid resistant and safe to travel on.”
With promising early results, Liam O’Keefe from Tyre Stewardship Australia is hopeful this research will deliver real world impact.
“Once we can verify this blend of permeable pavement and the value it provides, the next step is trialling it on a larger scale – one that can take thousands of tyres from landfill and have a dramatic effect on sustainability,” Mr. O’Keefe says.
“Currently permeable pavement is expensive, but if we can create the right product that is cost effective, skid resistant, durable and with the right amount of flexibility, we can diversify the applications of used tyres.
“It’s about creating a more robust market for tyre usage and pavement that leads to fewer tyres ending up in landfill, stockpiles or exported overseas.”
For Dr. Disfani, this is the ultimate goal.
“While it’s still in the early stages, we’re very excited about what this product can do.”
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